Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
A graph of the function () = and the area between it and the -axis, (i.e. the entire real line) which is equal to . The Gaussian integral , also known as the Euler–Poisson integral , is the integral of the Gaussian function f ( x ) = e − x 2 {\displaystyle f(x)=e^{-x^{2}}} over the entire real line.
Just as the definite integral of a positive function of one variable represents the area of the region between the graph of the function and the x-axis, the double integral of a positive function of two variables represents the volume of the region between the surface defined by the function (on the three-dimensional Cartesian plane where z = f(x, y)) and the plane which contains its domain. [1]
The term "numerical integration" first appears in 1915 in the publication A Course in Interpolation and Numeric Integration for the Mathematical Laboratory by David Gibb. [2] "Quadrature" is a historical mathematical term that means calculating area. Quadrature problems have served as one of the main sources of mathematical analysis.
The integral can be reduced to a single integration by reversing the order of integration as shown in the right panel of the figure. To accomplish this interchange of variables, the strip of width dy is first integrated from the line x = y to the limit x = z, and then the result is integrated from y = a to y = z, resulting in:
For example, the second-order equation y′′ = −y can be rewritten as two first-order equations: y′ = z and z′ = −y. In this section, we describe numerical methods for IVPs, and remark that boundary value problems (BVPs) require a different set of tools. In a BVP, one defines values, or components of the solution y at more than one ...
A definite integral of a function can be represented as the signed area of the region bounded by its graph and the horizontal axis; in the above graph as an example, the integral of () is the yellow (−) area subtracted from the blue (+) area
A line integral of a scalar field is thus a line integral of a vector field, where the vectors are always tangential to the line of the integration. Line integrals of vector fields are independent of the parametrization r in absolute value, but they do depend on its orientation. Specifically, a reversal in the orientation of the parametrization ...
The next step is to multiply the above value by the step size , which we take equal to one here: h ⋅ f ( y 0 ) = 1 ⋅ 1 = 1. {\displaystyle h\cdot f(y_{0})=1\cdot 1=1.} Since the step size is the change in t {\displaystyle t} , when we multiply the step size and the slope of the tangent, we get a change in y {\displaystyle y} value.