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Abu Simbel is a historic site comprising two massive rock-cut temples in the village of Abu Simbel (Arabic: أبو سمبل), Aswan Governorate, Upper Egypt, near the border with Sudan. It is located on the western bank of Lake Nasser , about 230 km (140 mi) southwest of Aswan (about 300 km (190 mi) by road).
The Great Temple of Abu Simbel (ca. 1280 BCE), one of the earliest known examples of rock-cut architecture. Rock-cut architecture is the creation of structures, buildings, and sculptures by excavating solid rock where it naturally occurs. Intensely laborious when using ancient tools and methods, rock-cut architecture was presumably combined ...
Abu Simbel (also Abu Simbal, Ebsambul or Isambul; Arabic: أبو سنبل, romanized: Abū Sinbal or Arabic: أبو سمبل, romanized: Abū Simbal) is a village in the Egyptian part of Nubia, about 240 km (150 mi) southwest of Aswan and near the border with Sudan. As of 2012, it has about 2600 inhabitants.
Abu Simbel was built between Year 24 and Year 31 of Ramesses' reign. [8] According to Joyce Tyldesley, the Temple of Derr was built by Setau, who is known to have served as Ramesses' Viceroy of Kush or Nubia between Year 38 to 63 of this pharaoh's reign. [9] It was relocated as part of the International Campaign to Save the Monuments of Nubia.
The temple was moved to a site, located just south of the Aswan High Dam. The process of moving the temple took more than two years. [4] The temple of Kalabsha was the largest free-standing temple of Egyptian Nubia (after Abu Simbel, which was rock-cut, not free-standing) to be moved and erected at a new site. [12]
The city is crossed by the Cape to Cairo Road, which connects it to Luxor and Cairo to the north, and Abu Simbel and Wadi Halfa to the south. Also important is the Aswan-Berenice highway, which connects with the ports of the Red Sea. Aswan is linked to Cairo by the Cape to Cairo Railway, which also connects it with Wadi Halfa. The railway is ...
The obelisk and wider quarry were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1979 along with other examples of Upper Egyptian architecture, as part of the "Nubian Monuments from Abu Simbel to Philae" (despite the quarry site being neither Nubian, nor between Abu Simbel and Philae). [2]
The building was built to resemble the temples of Abu Simbel in Egypt on a smaller scale. It depicts Ramesses II, Nefertiti, and Hathor. [5] The second statue from the left on the building's front is missing as a reference to the missing statue on the original temple, which had disappeared shortly after it was originally built. [3]