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To bind a document, the user first punches holes in the paper with a specialized hole punch. Pages must be punched a few at a time with most of these machines. If hard covers are desired, they must be punched as well. In bulk applications, a paper drilling machine may be used. Then the user chooses a spine size that will match the document.
A variety of hole patterns are in use for ring bindings. In much of the world, two-hole and four-hole punches consistent with ISO 838 are the norm. In the US, the three-hole punch is most common. See § Standards. There are other binding techniques which use hole punching. Coil binding uses a spring-like coil, threaded into the punched holes.
Although a 2:1 pitch hole pattern is most commonly used for binding larger documents, it can also be used for smaller books. It is most commonly found in sizes from 16 mm (5 ⁄ 8 in) to 32 mm (1 + 1 ⁄ 4 in). However, a couple of manufacturers make special small sizes, with diameters down to 6.4 mm (1 ⁄ 4 in). Renz GmbH own the registered ...
The most common type in Canada and the United States is a three-ring system for letter size pages (8 + 1 ⁄ 2 by 11 inches or 220 mm × 280 mm), whose size is similar to ISO 216-based A4 size. A standard 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 by 11 inches (220 mm × 280 mm) sheet of paper has three holes with spacing of 4 + 1 ⁄ 4 inches (110 mm).
Continuous form paper edge perforations. Most continuous form paper is punched longitudinally along both edges with regularly spaced engagement holes that engage with sprocket wheels or toothed belts on the "tractor" which move the paper through the printer.
This device weighed over two and a half pounds and loaded a single 1 ⁄ 2-inch-wide (13 mm) wire staple, which it could drive through several sheets of paper. The first published use of the word "stapler" to indicate a machine for fastening papers with a thin metal wire was in an advertisement in the American Munsey's Magazine in 1901.