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This category reflects the organization of International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision. Generally, diseases outlined within the ICD-10 codes S40-S49 within Chapter XIX: Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes should be included in this category.
In 2021, the American Heart Association clarified that "heart attack" is often mistakenly used to describe cardiac arrest. While a heart attack refers to death of heart muscle tissue as a result of blood supply loss, cardiac arrest is caused when the heart's electrical system malfunctions. Furthermore, the American Heart Association explains ...
A myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops in one of the coronary arteries of the heart, causing infarction (tissue death) to the heart muscle. [1] The most common symptom is retrosternal chest pain or discomfort that classically radiates to the left shoulder, arm, or jaw. [1]
The onset of pulmonary hemorrhage is characterized by a cough productive of blood and worsening of oxygenation leading to cyanosis. [1] Treatment should be immediate and should include tracheal suction, oxygen, positive pressure ventilation , and correction of underlying abnormalities such as disorders of coagulation .
A chest X-ray is usually performed on people with fever and, especially, hemoptysis (blood in the sputum), to rule out pneumonia and get information on the severity of the exacerbation. Hemoptysis may also indicate other, potentially fatal, medical conditions. [5]
Symptoms include chest pain or angina, shortness of breath, and fatigue. [6]A completely blocked coronary artery will cause a heart attack. [6] Common heart attack symptoms include chest pain or angina, pain or discomfort that spreads to the shoulder, arm, back, neck jaw, teeth or the upper belly, cold sweats, fatigue, heartburn, nausea, shortness of breath, or lightheadedness.
Associated symptoms may include pain in the shoulder, arm, upper abdomen, or jaw, along with nausea, sweating, or shortness of breath. [1] [3] It can be divided into heart-related and non-heart-related pain. [1] [2] Pain due to insufficient blood flow to the heart is also called angina pectoris. [5]
A heart attack can cause arrhythmias, as well as permanent damage to the heart muscle. [25] Coronary ischemia resulting from coronary artery disease also increases the risk of developing heart failure. [10] Most cases of heart failure result from underlying coronary artery disease. [10]