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However, Germany's defeat in November 1918 made the plan impossible and Finland instead became a republic, with Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg elected as its first President in 1919. Despite the bitter civil war, and repeated threats from fascist movements, Finland became and remained a capitalist democracy under the rule of law.
The subject of an independent Finland was first mentioned in the 18th century, when present-day Finland was still ruled by Sweden. On 18 March 1742, during the Russian occupation in the Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743), Empress Elizabeth of Russia issued a proclamation in the Finnish language to the Finnish people asking them to create a Finland which would be independent from both Sweden and ...
After Germany's defeat in WWI, the independence of the Finnish nation was confirmed and the country's government was to become a republican democracy. While the civil war was characterized by political terror, it was only after the war that the greatest loss of life was experienced in prison camps, where about 13,000 reds died.
Finland's population has always been concentrated in the southern parts of the country, a phenomenon that became even more pronounced during 20th-century urbanization. Three of the four largest cities in Finland are situated in the Helsinki metropolitan area —Helsinki, Espoo and Vantaa . [ 219 ]
Finland became the first European nation in which women had the franchise. The first national election, that of 1907, yielded Europe's largest social democratic parliamentary faction. In a single step, Finland went from being one of Europe's most politically backward countries to being one of its most advanced.
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The Bolshevist government of RSFSR led by Lenin approve Finland's independence. It was the first foreign leader to approve the independence. The Finnish Declaration of Independence (Finnish: Suomen itsenäisyysjulistus; Swedish: Finlands självständighetsförklaring) was adopted by the Parliament of Finland on December 6, 1917; 107 years ago ().
The Treaty of Tartu became effective. 1925: 2 March: Lauri Kristian Relander became president of Finland. [8] 1931: 2 March: Pehr Evind Svinhufvud became president of Finland. [8] 1932: Mäntsälä rebellion took place. [9] 1937: 1 March: Kyösti Kallio became president of Finland. [8] 1939: 30 November: Winter War: The war began. 1940: 13 ...