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A manual backpack-type sprayer Space treatment against mosquitoes using a thermal fogger Grubbs Vocational College students spraying Irish potatoes. Pesticide application is the practical way in which pesticides (including herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, or nematode control agents) are delivered to their biological targets (e.g. pest organism, crop or other plant).
The herbicide is usually applied to the soil in which the crop is growing, before the emergence of the weeds. [1] In the US it is applied almost exclusively in corn with annual use in 2018 about 600,000 pounds (270,000 kg). [12] The compound is often formulated in combination with the herbicide safener, cyprosulfamide. [13]
[1] Entomologists and ecologists have urged the adoption of IPM pest control since the 1970s. [2] IPM is a safer pest control framework than reliance on the use of chemical pesticides, mitigating risks such as: insecticide-induced resurgence , pesticide resistance and (especially food) crop residues .
Pesticide drift, also known as spray drift, is the unintentional diffusion of pesticides toward nontarget species. It is one of the most negative effects of pesticide application. Drift can damage human health, environment, and crops. [1] [2] Together with runoff and leaching, drift is a mechanism for agricultural pollution. [3]
One major complication to the use of herbicides for weed control is the ability of plants to evolve herbicide resistance, rendering the herbicides ineffective against target plants. Out of 31 known herbicide modes of action, weeds have evolved resistance to 21. 268 plant species are known to have evolved herbicide resistance at least once. [59]
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid is an organic compound with the chemical formula Cl 2 C 6 H 3 OCH 2 CO 2 H.It is usually referred to by its ISO common name 2,4-D. [4] It is a systemic herbicide that kills most broadleaf weeds by causing uncontrolled growth, but most grasses such as cereals, lawn turf, and grassland are relatively unaffected.
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A pre-emergence spray of herbicide being added onto a field of oilseed rape. Preemergent herbicides are a form of chemical weed control which prevent germinated weed seedlings from becoming established. In some areas of the world, they are used to prevent crabgrass from appearing in lawns. [1]