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Model 1857 12-pounder Napoleon at National Civil War Naval Museum. The 12-pounder Napoleon was the most favored field gun of both Union and Confederate armies. It was fairly accurate at all ranges and especially lethal when firing canister at close range. [5] The Napoleon was mounted on a carriage weighing 1,128 lb (511.7 kg). [22]
This type of "canon obusier", commonly called in English the 12-pounder Napoleon Model 1857, was the primary cannon used in the American Civil War. [2] [3] Over 1,100 such Napoleons were manufactured by the North, and 600 by the South. [4] At Gettysburg, 142 out of 360 Union guns (39%) were Napoleons.
An American M1857 12-Pounder "Napoleon" The twelve-pound cannon "Napoleon" was the most popular smoothbore cannon used during the war. It was widely admired because of its safety, reliability, and killing power, especially at close range. It did not reach America until 1857. It was the last cast bronze gun used by an American army.
The French Army introduced the canon-obusier de 12 in 1853. The US version of this type of canon-obusier, commonly called the "12-pounder Napoleon Model 1857", was one of the most-used cannon in the American Civil War. [2] [3] Over 1,100 of these "Napoleons" were manufactured by the Union, and 600 by the Confederacy. [4]
The Canon de 12 Gribeauval or 12-pounder was a French cannon and part of the system developed by Jean Baptiste Vaquette de Gribeauval. There were 1.079 English pounds in the Old French pound ( French : livre ), making the weight of shot nearly 13 English pounds.
Known in the US as "12 pounder Napoleon" M1841 12-pounder howitzer, American howitzer having the same caliber (4.62 inches) as a 12-pounder field gun; One of the Dahlgren guns of the American Civil War; Ordnance BL 12 pounder 7 cwt, British field gun, 1885–1892; Ordnance QF 12 pounder 8 cwt, British naval landing gun, late 19th century and ...
Mordecai praised the Canon obusier de 12 gun-howitzer, which soon afterward was manufactured in the United States as the M1857 12-pounder Napoleon. [ 11 ] [ 12 ] Alexander Rose notes that Mordecai's report is a "masterpiece of unbiased scholarship" but that he was curiously dismissive of repeaters and breechloaders .
The introduction of the M1857 12-pounder Napoleon represented a significant development as the gun-howitzer could replace several of the outdated pieces at once. The Napoleon, along with the 10-pounder Parrott rifle , the 20-pounder Parrott rifle , and the 3-inch ordnance rifle , came to constitute the vast majority of Union field artillery ...