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Diabetic retinopathy (also known as diabetic eye disease) is a medical condition in which damage occurs to the retina due to diabetes.It is a leading cause of blindness in developed countries and one of the lead causes of sight loss in the world, even though there are many new therapies and improved treatments for helping people live with diabetes.
[13] [14] Results of using laser coagulation to treat diabetic retinopathy were first published in 1954. [2] [15] Conventional macular focal and grid laser photocoagulation were established as the treatment of choice for diabetic macular edema in the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS), which was published in 1985. [2] [16]
Intraretinal microvascular abnormalities (IRMA) are abnormalities of the blood vessels that supply the retina of the eye, a sign of diabetic retinopathy. [1] IRMA can be difficult to distinguish from and is likely a precursor to retinal neovascularization. One way to distinguish IRMA from retinal neovascularization is to perform fluorescein ...
The causes of macular edema are numerous and different causes may be inter-related. It is commonly associated with diabetes.Chronic or uncontrolled diabetes type 2 can affect peripheral blood vessels including those of the retina which may leak fluid, blood and occasionally fats into the retina causing it to swell.
The most common cause found in adults is diabetic retinopathy. Abnormal blood vessels can form in the back of the eye of a person with diabetes. These new blood vessels are weaker and prone to breaking and causing hemorrhage. [2] Diabetic retinopathy accounts for 31.5–54% of all cases of vitreous hemorrhage in adults in the United States. [1]
(H35.0) Hypertensive retinopathy — burst blood vessels, due to long-term high blood pressure (H35.0/E10-E14) Diabetic retinopathy — damage to the retina caused by complications of diabetes mellitus, which could eventually lead to blindness (H35.0-H35.2) Retinopathy — general term referring to non-inflammatory damage to the retina
Diabetic retinopathy affects about 5 million people and retinopathy of prematurity affect about 50,000 premature infants each year worldwide. [ 6 ] [ 27 ] Hypertensive retinopathy is the next most common cause affecting anywhere from 3 to 14% of all non-diabetic adults.
Laser surgery is a treatment option which uses a laser beam to seal off damaged blood vessels in the retina. [9] Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs like Avastin and Lucentis have also been shown to repair retinal hemorrhaging in diabetic patients and patients with hemorrhages associated with new vessel growth.