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  2. File:Blaschke-Santaló diagram for planar convex bodies.pdf

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blaschke-Santaló...

    You are free: to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work; to remix – to adapt the work; Under the following conditions: attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made.

  3. Angle of incidence (optics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics)

    The angle of incidence, in geometric optics, is the angle between a ray incident on a surface and the line perpendicular (at 90 degree angle) to the surface at the point of incidence, called the normal. The ray can be formed by any waves, such as optical, acoustic, microwave, and X-ray. In the figure below, the line representing a ray makes an ...

  4. Curved mirror - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curved_mirror

    A convex mirror diagram showing the focus, focal length, centre of curvature, principal axis, etc. A convex mirror or diverging mirror is a curved mirror in which the reflective surface bulges towards the light source. [1] Convex mirrors reflect light outwards, therefore they are not used to focus light.

  5. File:Convexmirror raydiagram.svg - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Convexmirror_ray...

    You are free: to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work; to remix – to adapt the work; Under the following conditions: attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made.

  6. Ray transfer matrix analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_transfer_matrix_analysis

    Each optical element (surface, interface, mirror, or beam travel) is described by a 2 × 2 ray transfer matrix which operates on a vector describing an incoming light ray to calculate the outgoing ray. Multiplication of the successive matrices thus yields a concise ray transfer matrix describing the entire optical system.

  7. Real image - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_image

    Examples of real images include the image produced on a detector in the rear of a camera, and the image produced on an eyeball retina (the camera and eye focus light through an internal convex lens). In ray diagrams (such as the images on the right), real rays of light are always represented by full, solid lines; perceived or extrapolated rays ...

  8. Radius of curvature (optics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius_of_curvature_(optics)

    A spherical lens or mirror surface has a center of curvature located either along or decentered from the system local optical axis. The vertex of the lens surface is located on the local optical axis. The distance from the vertex to the center of curvature is the radius of curvature of the surface. [1] [unreliable source?] [2]

  9. Catadioptric system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catadioptric_system

    Bokeh of a mirror lens, with ring pattern in out of focus areas. Several companies made catadioptric lenses throughout the later part of the 20th century. Nikon (under the Mirror- Nikkor and later Reflex- Nikkor names) and Canon both offered several designs, such as 500 mm 1:8 and 1000 mm 1:11.