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HDPE is known for its high strength-to-density ratio. [4] The density of HDPE ranges from 930 to 970 kg/m 3. [5] Although the density of HDPE is only marginally higher than that of low-density polyethylene, HDPE has little branching, giving it stronger intermolecular forces and tensile strength (38 MPa versus 21 MPa) than LDPE. [6]
The high molecular weight makes it a very tough material, but results in less efficient packing of the chains into the crystal structure as evidenced by densities of less than high-density polyethylene (for example, 0.930–0.935 g/cm 3). UHMWPE can be made through any catalyst technology, although Ziegler catalysts are most common.
The Phillips catalyst, or the Phillips supported chromium catalyst, is the catalyst used to produce approximately half of the world's polyethylene. A heterogeneous catalyst, it consists of a chromium oxide supported on silica gel. [1] Polyethylene, the most-produced synthetic polymer, is produced industrially by the polymerization of ethylene:
The give very linear high-density polyethylene when bulky and when the steric bulk is removed, they are very active for ethylene oligomerization to linear alpha-olefins. [3] A salicylimine catalyst system based on zirconium exhibits high activity for ethylene polymerization. [10] The catalysts can also produce some novel polypropylene ...
They began working together in 1946, and in 1951 invented "crystalline polypropylene" and high-density polyethylene (HDPE). These plastics were initially known by the name Marlex. The polymerization of ethylene was made possible by their discovery of the so-called Phillips catalyst. [1]
Commercial catalysts are supported by being bound to a solid with a high surface area. Both TiCl 4 and TiCl 3 give active catalysts. [6] [7] The support in the majority of the catalysts is MgCl 2. A third component of most catalysts is a carrier, a material that determines the size and the shape of catalyst particles.