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  2. Kolmogorov microscales - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolmogorov_microscales

    A point source is situated upwind to simulate the dispersion of a scalar plume in this velocity field In fluid dynamics , Kolmogorov microscales are the smallest scales in turbulent flow . At the Kolmogorov scale, viscosity dominates and the turbulence kinetic energy is dissipated into thermal energy .

  3. Characteristic energy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Characteristic_energy

    But the maximal velocity on the new orbit could be approximated to 33.5 km/s by assuming that it reached practical "infinity" at 3.5 km/s and that such Earth-bound "infinity" also moves with Earth's orbital velocity of about 30 km/s. The InSight mission to Mars launched with a C 3 of 8.19 km 2 /s 2. [5]

  4. Vector fields in cylindrical and spherical coordinates

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_fields_in...

    Note: This page uses common physics notation for spherical coordinates, in which is the angle between the z axis and the radius vector connecting the origin to the point in question, while is the angle between the projection of the radius vector onto the x-y plane and the x axis. Several other definitions are in use, and so care must be taken ...

  5. Comoving and proper distances - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoving_and_proper_distances

    This is because the travel time between any two points for a non-relativistic moving particle will just be the proper distance (that is, the comoving distance measured using the scale factor of the universe at the time of the trip rather than the scale factor "now") between those points divided by the velocity of the particle.

  6. Del in cylindrical and spherical coordinates - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Del_in_cylindrical_and...

    The polar angle is denoted by [,]: it is the angle between the z-axis and the radial vector connecting the origin to the point in question. The azimuthal angle is denoted by φ ∈ [ 0 , 2 π ] {\displaystyle \varphi \in [0,2\pi ]} : it is the angle between the x -axis and the projection of the radial vector onto the xy -plane.

  7. Indicated airspeed - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indicated_airspeed

    convert TAS to ground speed (GS) by allowing for the effect of wind. With the advent of Doppler radar navigation and, more recently, GPS receivers, with other advanced navigation equipment that allows pilots to read ground speed directly, the TAS calculation in-flight is becoming unnecessary for the purposes of navigation estimations.

  8. Lagrangian and Eulerian specification of the flow field

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrangian_and_Eulerian...

    File:Lagrangian vs Eulerian [further explanation needed] Eulerian perspective of fluid velocity versus Lagrangian depiction of strain.. In classical field theories, the Lagrangian specification of the flow field is a way of looking at fluid motion where the observer follows an individual fluid parcel as it moves through space and time.

  9. Rotating reference frame - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotating_reference_frame

    In classical mechanics, the Euler acceleration (named for Leonhard Euler), also known as azimuthal acceleration [8] or transverse acceleration [9] is an acceleration that appears when a non-uniformly rotating reference frame is used for analysis of motion and there is variation in the angular velocity of the reference frame's axis. This article ...