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Silybum marianum is a species of thistle.It has various common names including milk thistle, [1] blessed milkthistle, [2] Marian thistle, Mary thistle, Saint Mary's thistle, Mediterranean milk thistle, variegated thistle and Scotch thistle (not to be confused with Onopordum acanthium or Cirsium vulgare).
The name "milk thistle" derives from a feature of the leaves, which are prominently banded with splashes of white. Historically, these milky bands were said to be Mother Mary's milk, and this is the origin of another common name, St. Mary's thistle. The most widespread species is Silybum marianum. [6]
Scolymus – golden thistle or oyster thistle; Silybum – milk or St. Mary's thistle; Sonchus – sow thistle; Plants in families other than Asteraceae which are sometimes called thistle include: Kali – Russian thistle, Tartar thistle, or tumbleweed, plants formerly classified in the genus Salsola (family Chenopodiaceae)
Silibinin (), also known as silybin (both from Silybum, the generic name of the plant from which it is extracted), is the major active constituent of silymarin, a standardized extract of the milk thistle, containing a mixture of flavonolignans consisting of silibinin, isosilibinin, silychristin, silidianin, and others.
Centaurea benedicta, known by the common names St. Benedict's thistle, blessed thistle, holy thistle, spotted thistle or blessed knapweed, is a thistle-like plant in the family Asteraceae, [2] native to the Mediterranean region, from Portugal north to southern France and east to Iran.
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