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A conchoidal fracture is a break or fracture of a brittle material that does not follow any natural planes of separation. Mindat.org defines conchoidal fracture as follows: "a fracture with smooth, curved surfaces, typically slightly concave, showing concentric undulations resembling the lines of growth of a shell". [ 1 ]
Jasper, an aggregate of microgranular quartz and/or cryptocrystalline chalcedony and other mineral phases, [1] [2] is an opaque, [3] impure variety of silica, usually red, yellow, brown or green in color; and rarely blue.
Fracture differs from cleavage in that the latter involves clean splitting along the cleavage planes of the mineral's crystal structure, as opposed to more general breakage. All minerals exhibit fracture, but when very strong cleavage is present, it can be difficult to see.
A rough specimen of bloodstone. Heliotropes (from Ancient Greek ἥλιος (hḗlios) 'sun' and τρέπειν (trépein) 'to turn') (also called ematille, Indian bloodstones, or simply bloodstones) are aggregate minerals, and cryptocrystalline mixture of quartz that occurs mostly as jasper or sometimes as chalcedony (translucent).
Biggs jasper is a variety of the mineral jasper. It is a "picture jasper" – a jasper that exhibits particular patterns and colors – and is used as an opaque gemstone . [ 1 ] It exhibits intricate, shell- or layer-like patterns in shades of brown ranging from beige to dark brown.
Such fractures occur in planar parallel sets at an angle of 60 degrees and can be of the same size and scale as joints. As a result, some "conjugate joint sets" might actually be shear fractures. Shear fractures are distinguished from joints by the presence of slickensides, the products of shearing movement parallel to the fracture surface. The ...
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Fracture: Irregular/uneven, sub-conchoidal: Tenacity: Brittle to sectile: Mohs scale hardness: 2.5–3.5 (7 for chrysocolla chalcedony, high-silica content) Luster: Vitreous to dull: Streak: White to a blue-green color: Diaphaneity: Translucent to opaque: Specific gravity: 1.9–2.4: Optical properties: Biaxial (−) Refractive index