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ANSI № 9145 ECE nominal luminous flux: 850 lm ±15% H11 1 12 V: 55 W 24 V: 70 W PGJ19-2 USA ECE nominal luminous flux: 1,350 lm ±10% H11B 1 12 V: 55 W 24 V: 70 W PGJY19-2 USA H12 1 12 V: 53 W PZ20d USA ANSI № 9055 ECE nominal luminous flux: 1,050 lm ±15% H13 2 12 V: 60 / 55 W P26.4t USA ANSI № 9008
Under ECE regulations, H1 lamps are required to emit white or selective yellow light. [1] U.S. regulations require H1 lamps to emit white light. [2] Under both ECE and U.S. specifications, the allowable range of white light is quite large; some H1 lamps have a slight blue or yellow tint to the glass yet still produce light legally acceptable under the requirement for white light.
The bulb must be made of fused silica (quartz) or a high-melting-point glass (such as aluminosilicate glass). Since quartz is very strong, the gas pressure can be higher, [14] which reduces the rate of evaporation of the filament, permitting it to run a higher temperature (and so luminous efficacy) for the same average life. The tungsten ...
The suffix after the G indicates the pin spread; the G dates to the use of Glass for the original bulbs. GU usually also indicates that the lamp provides a mechanism for physical support by the luminaire: in some cases, each pin has a short section of larger diameter at the end (sometimes described as a "peg" rather than a "pin" [2]); the socket allows the bulb to lock into place by twisting ...
Fluorescent lamps in various embodiments. Since their introduction as a commercial product in 1939, many different types of fluorescent lamp have been introduced. Systematic nomenclature identifies mass-market lamps as to overall shape, power rating, length, color, and other electrical and illuminating characteristics.
These lamps use a bi-pin connector for power: 12-volt MR11 bulbs usually use a GU4 base, and 12-volt MR16 bulbs usually use a GU5.3 base. The common 12-volt MR16 lamps, therefore, require a ferromagnetic or electronic transformer —sometimes misnamed as a ballast —to convert the 120- or 230-volt mains voltage to the extra-low voltage ...
Some bulbs have a phosphor coating on the inner side of the outer bulb to improve the spectrum and diffuse the light. In the mid-1980s a new type of metal-halide lamp was developed, which, instead of a quartz (fused silica) arc tube as used in mercury vapor lamps and previous metal-halide lamp designs, use a sintered alumina arc tube similar to ...
The wires are usually inserted into a plastic base that the bulb is mounted in, and which is often narrower at the tip than at the bulb, giving it a wedge shape and usually ensuring a tight connection, depending on manufacturing tolerances. Some bulbs have no plastic base, and the wires are simply bent up to the sides of the bulb's glass base.