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The Mobile Application Part specifications were originally defined by the GSM Association, but are now controlled by ETSI/3GPP. MAP is defined by two different standards, depending upon the mobile network type: MAP for GSM (prior to Release 4) is specified by 3GPP TS 09.02 (MAP v1, MAP v2)
Portable Document Format (PDF), standardized as ISO 32000, is a file format developed by Adobe in 1992 to present documents, including text formatting and images, in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems.
Burroughs Network Architecture 0x32 50 ESP Encapsulating Security Payload: RFC 4303: 0x33 51 AH Authentication Header: RFC 4302: 0x34 52 I-NLSP Integrated Net Layer Security Protocol: TUBA 0x35 53 SwIPe SwIPe: RFC 5237: 0x36 54 NARP NBMA Address Resolution Protocol: RFC 1735: 0x37 55 MOBILE IP Mobility (Min Encap) RFC 2004: 0x38 56 TLSP
Phases 1 and 2 were defined before 3G networks existed, and as such support adding IN services to a GSM network, although they are equally applicable to 2.5G and 3G networks. Phase 3 was defined for 3GPP Releases 99 and 4, and hence is a GSM and UMTS common specification, while Phase 4 was defined as part of 3GPP Release 5.
These can be negotiated by the layers running on top, but QUIC aims to do all of this in a single handshake process. [8] Another goal of the QUIC system was to improve performance during network-switching events, like what happens when a user of a mobile device moves from a local Wi‑Fi hotspot to a mobile network. When this occurs on TCP, a ...
True 3G systems such as EV-DO, W-CDMA (including HSPA and HSPA+) provide combined circuit switched and packet switched data and voice services from the outset, usually at far better data rates than 2G networks with their extensions. All of these services can be used to provide combined mobile voice access and Internet access at remote locations.
Mobile IP (or MIP) is an Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standard communications protocol that is designed to allow mobile device users to move from one network to another while maintaining a permanent IP address. Mobile IP for IPv4 is described in RFC 5944, and extensions are defined in RFC 4721.
CAMEL is a means of adding intelligent applications to mobile (rather than fixed) networks. It builds upon established practices in the fixed line telephony business that are generally classed under the heading of (Intelligent Network Application Part) or INAP CS-2 protocol.