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The Cavernous Sinus. Each trochlear nerve originates from a trochlear nucleus in the medial midbrain.From their respective nuclei, the two trochlear nerves then travel dorsal-ward through the substance of the midbrain surrounded by the periaqueductal gray, crossing over (decussating) within the midbrain before emerging from the dorsal midbrain [3] [4] just inferior to the inferior colliculus. [4]
Superior oblique nerve. The superior oblique arises immediately above the margin of the optic foramen, superior and medial to the origin of the superior rectus, and, passing forward, ends in a rounded tendon, which plays in a fibrocartilaginous ring or pulley attached to the trochlear fossa of the frontal bone.
Trochlear: Motor Dorsal aspect of Midbrain: Located in the superior orbital fissure. Innervates the superior oblique muscle, which depresses, abducts, and intorts the eyeball. V Trigeminal: Both sensory and motor Pons: Three Parts: V 1 (ophthalmic nerve) is located in the superior orbital fissure V 2 (maxillary nerve) is located in the foramen ...
The clinical consequences of weakness in the superior oblique (caused, for example, by fourth nerve palsies) are discussed below. This summary of the superior oblique muscle describes its most important functions. However, it is an oversimplification of the actual situation.
Involvement of the cranial nerves that pass through the superior orbital fissure may lead to diplopia, paralysis of extraocular muscles, exophthalmos, and ptosis. Blindness or loss of vision indicates involvement of the orbital apex, which is more serious, requiring urgent surgical intervention.
The trochlear nucleus is located in the midbrain, at an intercollicular level between the superior colliculus and inferior colliculus. [3] As with all motor nuclei of cranial nerves, it is located near the midline (i.e. in the medial midbrain). [2] It is embedded within the medial longitudinal fasciculus.
The oculomotor nerve (III), trochlear nerve (IV) and abducens nerve (VI) coordinate eye movement. The oculomotor nerve controls all muscles of the eye except for the superior oblique muscle controlled by the trochlear nerve (IV), and the lateral rectus muscle controlled by the abducens nerve (VI). This means the ability of the eye to look down ...
posterior ethmoidal nerve: sphenoid-optic canal: 2: ophthalmic artery: optic nerve (II) sphenoid: middle cranial fossa: superior orbital fissure: 2: superior ophthalmic vein: oculomotor nerve (III) trochlear nerve (IV) lacrimal, frontal and nasociliary branches of ophthalmic nerve (V 1) abducent nerve (VI) sphenoid: middle cranial fossa ...