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Countercurrent exchange circuits or loops are found extensively in nature, specifically in biologic systems. In vertebrates, they are called a rete mirabile , originally the name of an organ in fish gills for absorbing oxygen from the water.
The counter current design is the most efficient, in that it can transfer the most heat from the heat (transfer) medium per unit mass due to the fact that the average temperature difference along any unit length is higher. See countercurrent exchange.
A is the exchange area. Note that estimating the heat transfer coefficient may be quite complicated. This holds both for cocurrent flow, where the streams enter from the same end, and for countercurrent flow, where they enter from different ends.
A countercurrent exchange system is utilized between the venous and arterial capillaries. Lowering the pH levels in the venous capillaries causes oxygen to unbind from blood hemoglobin because of the Root effect. This causes an increase in venous blood oxygen partial pressure, allowing the oxygen to diffuse through the capillary membrane and ...
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Countercurrent exchange Countercurrent exchange is a mechanism used to transfer some property of a fluid from one flowing current of fluid to another across a semipermeable membrane, conductive material, or free surface (e.g. a liquid–gas absorption or extraction). Cryogenic liquefaction
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Countercurrent exchange, where two flowing bodies flowing in opposite directions to each other exchange, for example, heat; Counterflow lane a lane in which traffic flows in the opposite direction; Counterflow Centrifugation Elutriation (CCE) a cell separating technique; Counterflow in Cooling tower