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For example, to do a reverse lookup of the IP address 8.8.4.4 the PTR record for the domain name 4.4.8.8.in-addr.arpa would be looked up, and found to point to dns.google. If the A record for dns.google in turn pointed back to 8.8.4.4 then it would be said to be forward-confirmed.
Images of some of the first attempts at a large scale map of the internet were produced by the Internet Mapping Project and appeared in Wired magazine. The maps produced by this project were based on the layer 3 or IP level connectivity of the Internet (see OSI model), but there are different aspects of internet structure that have also been mapped.
In computing, a ping sweep is a method that can establish a range of IP addresses which map to live hosts. The classic tool used for ping sweeps is fping, [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] which traditionally was accompanied by gping to generate the list of hosts for large subnets, [ 4 ] although more recent versions of fping include that functionality. [ 1 ]
Wireshark is very similar to tcpdump, but has a graphical front-end and integrated sorting and filtering options.. Wireshark lets the user put network interface controllers into promiscuous mode (if supported by the network interface controller), so they can see all the traffic visible on that interface including unicast traffic not sent to that network interface controller's MAC address.
Nmap can provide further information on targets, including reverse DNS names, device types, and MAC addresses. [13] Typical uses of Nmap: Auditing the security of a device or firewall by identifying the network connections which can be made to, or through it. [14] Identifying open ports on a target host in preparation for auditing. [15]
Active Footprinting is the process of using tools and techniques, such as performing a ping sweep or using the traceroute command, to gather information on a target. Active Footprinting can trigger a target's Intrusion Detection System (IDS) and may be logged, and thus requires a level of stealth to successfully do. [ 4 ]
A local Internet registry (LIR) is an organization that has been allocated a block of IP addresses by a RIR, and that assigns most parts of this block to its own customers. [11] Most LIRs are Internet service providers, enterprises, or academic institutions. Membership in a regional Internet registry is required to become a LIR.
Reverse lookup is a procedure of using a value to retrieve a unique key in an associative array. [1] Applications of reverse lookup include reverse DNS lookup, which provides the domain name associated with a particular IP address, [2] reverse telephone directory, which provides the name of the entity associated with a particular telephone ...