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The gluten-free diet avoids or reduces the risk of developing reproductive disorders in pregnant women with celiac disease. [17] [18] Also, pregnancy can be a trigger for the development of celiac disease in genetically susceptible women who are consuming gluten. [19]
Coeliac disease (British English) or celiac disease (American English) is a long-term autoimmune disorder, primarily affecting the small intestine, where individuals develop intolerance to gluten, present in foods such as wheat, rye, spelt and barley. [10]
Inter-pregnancy interval of less than 6 months; Assisted reproductive technologies; Pre-gestational diabetes; Gestational diabetes; Pulmonary disease; Cardiovascular disease; Kidney disease; Hypertension; Celiac disease increases the risk of intrauterine growth restriction by an odds ratio of approximately 2.48 [14] Subclinical hypothyroidism [15]
This condition is known as refractory coeliac disease (RCD), defined as malabsorption due to gluten-related enteropathy (villous atrophy or elevated intraepitheal lymphocytes) after initial or subsequent failure of a strict gluten-free diet (usually 1 year) and after exclusion of any disorder mimicking coeliac disease.
Most adults need 2.4 micrograms of vitamin B12 a day, although the numbers are slightly higher during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Causes of vitamin B12 deficiency There are a few reasons why ...
The absence of HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 has a very high negative predictive value for CD, [2] [67] and the predictive value can be further enhanced by including HLA-DQ7.5 (HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 are found in coeliac disease 98% of the time in Caucasians, HLA-DQ7.5 present in the remaining 1.6% and only 0.4% of Caucasians are missed with the combination ...
Tests can tell if fertility problems are caused by an autoimmune disease or an unrelated reason. Fertility treatments are able to help some women with autoimmune disease become pregnant. [2] Changes in the severity of the disease seem to vary depending on the type of disease. There is an observable trend in pregnant women with rheumatoid ...
In this form of the disease, the absence of lymphocytes can accelerate organ damage, and intravenous IgG administration can be therapeutic. Although this route to autoimmune disease may underlie various degenerative disease states, no diagnostics for this disease mechanism exist at present, and thus its role in human autoimmunity is currently ...