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Given this history, some Buddhists have stated that the tradition of the sangha represents humanity's oldest surviving democratic institution. [7] In Buddhism, sangha refers to the monastic communities of bhikkhu (monks) and bhikkhuni (nuns). These communities are traditionally referred to as the bhikkhu-sangha or the bhikkhuni-sangha.
The relationship between Buddhism and democracy has a long history with some scholars claiming the very foundations of Buddhist society were democratic. [1] [2] Though some historic Buddhist societies have been categorized as feudalistic, the relationship between peasants and land owners was often voluntary.
Among the mahajanapadas, the sixteen great states in ancient India, two followed the gana sangha rule: Vajji and Mallakas. Many smaller states and tribes near these great states also had the gana sangha form of government, such as the Koliyas, and the Shakyas, the small tribal state which Gautama Buddha was born to. [6]
The minimum age to become member of Shakya Santhagara was twenty years. The assembly had strong sentiments against hereditary privileges and supported the principle of free election by the Gaṇa to all-important posts, including that of Commander-in-chief known as Ganapati, Ganajyestha, Ganaraja, or Sanghamukhya which was the highest authority in state.
Bangladesh Sangharaj Bhikkhu Mahasabha (The Supreme Sangha Council of Bangladesh) Sangha Sangharaja of Bhikkhu Mahasabha Term of Office Headquarters Sangha Bhikkhu Mahasabha Ven. Dr. Gyanashree Mahathero, 13th Sangharaja of Bangladesh: 2020–present Chattogram: Ven. Saramedha Mahathero, 1st Sangharaja of Bangladesh: 1801-1882
Created during a period of military dictatorship, the Sangha Act stripped out democratic reforms that accompanied King Mongkut's doctrinal and disciplinary reforms. The act lent greater power to the roll of the Sangharaja, and structured the Sangha along according to a strict hierarchy that stifled dissent and provided few significant roles for ...
This method was continued in Sankara Sangha even in the later periods. It is a fully democratic organization, just as Srimanta Sankaradeva had practised the religion in the fifteenth century. One or more villages under the Sankara Sangha have one such committee, which is known as Prathamic Samiti (primary committee).
The Vajjika (Pāli: Vajjika) or Vrijika (IAST: Vṛjika) League, Confederacy, or Sangha, also called simply Vajji (Pāli: Vajji) or Vriji (IAST: Vṛji), was an ancient Indo-Aryan league which existed during the later Iron Age period in the north-eastern Indian subcontinent.