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Liver function tests (LFTs or LFs), also referred to as a hepatic panel or liver panel, are groups of blood tests that provide information about the state of a patient's liver. [1] These tests include prothrombin time (PT/INR), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), albumin , bilirubin (direct and indirect), and others.
Diagnosis is based on higher levels of unconjugated bilirubin in the blood without either signs of other liver problems or red blood cell breakdown. [2] [3] Typically no treatment is needed. [1] Gilbert syndrome is associated with decreased cardiovascular health risks. [4]
Alanine transaminase (ALT), also known as alanine aminotransferase (ALT or ALAT), formerly serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) or serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), is a transaminase enzyme (EC 2.6.1.2) that was first characterized in the mid-1950s by Arthur Karmen and colleagues. [1]
Based on the medical history supported by blood tests, medical imaging, liver biopsy [1] Differential diagnosis: Viral hepatitis, Wilson disease, primary sclerosing cholangitis [3] Treatment: Avoiding alcohol, weight loss [3] [1] Prognosis: Good if treated early [3] Frequency: NAFLD: 30% (Western countries) [2] ALD: >90% of heavy drinkers [4]
However, very high elevations of the transaminases suggests severe liver damage, such as viral hepatitis, liver injury from lack of blood flow, or injury from drugs or toxins. Most disease processes cause ALT to rise higher than AST; AST levels double or triple that of ALT are consistent with alcoholic liver disease. [citation needed]
Hyperproteinemia is the state of having overly high levels of protein in the blood. This can occur due to monoclonal gammopathies such as multiple myeloma and after intravenous immunoglobulin has been given. [1] It can result in a falsely low appearing sodium level (hyponatremia). [1]
The Mayo Clinic diet, a program that adheres to this notion, was developed by medical professionals based on scientific research, so you can trust that this program is based on science, and not ...
Tissues that contain high levels of ALP include the liver, bile ducts, and bones. Normal levels of ALP range from (44 to 147) U/L (units per liter) and significantly elevated levels may be an indication of conditions such as various types of cancer, bone diseases such as Paget disease, liver diseases such as hepatitis, blood disorders, or other ...