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Image on a pithos sherd found at Kuntillet Ajrud with the inscription "Yahweh and his Asherah". Judaism has three essential and related elements: study of the written Torah; the recognition of Israel as the chosen people and the recipients of the law at Mount Sinai; and the requirement that Israel and their descendants live according to the laws outlined in the Torah. [17]
Jewish history is the history of the Jews, their nation, religion, and culture, as it developed and interacted with other peoples, religions, and cultures. Jews originated from the Israelites and Hebrews of historical Israel and Judah, two related kingdoms that emerged in the Levant during the Iron Age.
1500 BCE – 1000 BCE: The oldest of the Hindu Vedas (scriptures), the Rigveda was composed. [21] [22] [23] This is the first mention of Rudra, a fearsome form of Shiva as the supreme god. 1353 BCE or 1351 BCE: The beginning of the reign of Akhenaten, sometimes credited with starting the earliest known recorded monolatristic religion, in ...
There is a general consensus among scholars that the first formative event in the emergence of the distinctive religion described in the Bible was triggered by the destruction of Israel by Assyria in c. 722 BCE. Refugees from the northern kingdom fled to Judah, bringing with them laws and a prophetic tradition of Yahweh.
Muslims granted Jews and Christians exemptions from military service, the right to their own courts of law, and a guarantee of safety of their property. Jewish poets, scholars, scientists, statesmen and philosophers flourished in and were an integral part of the extensive Arab civilization. This period ended with the Cordoba massacre in 1013. 940
The Jewish population of the land on the eve of the first major Jewish rebellion may have been as high as 2.2 million. The monumental architecture of this period indicates a high level of prosperity. [54] In 66 CE, the Jews of Judea rose in revolt against Rome, sparking the First Jewish–Roman War.
Second Temple Judaism (Hellenistic Judaism) Jewish–Roman wars (Great Revolt, Diaspora, Bar Kokhba) Rabbinic period and Middle Ages; Rabbinic Judaism; History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire; Christianity and Judaism (Jews and Christmas) Hinduism and Judaism; Islamic–Jewish relations; Middle Ages; Golden Age; Modern era; Haskalah ...
[17] [18] Jewish ethnicity, religion, and community are highly interrelated, [19] [20] as Judaism is their ethnic religion, [21] [22] though it is not practiced by all ethnic Jews. [23] [24] [25] Despite this, religious Jews regard converts to Judaism as members of the Jewish nation, pursuant to the long-standing conversion process. [23] [26]