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The Spanish transition to democracy, known in Spain as la Transición (IPA: [la tɾansiˈθjon]; ' the Transition ') or la Transición española (' the Spanish Transition '), is a period of modern Spanish history encompassing the regime change that moved from the Francoist dictatorship to the consolidation of a parliamentary system, in the form of constitutional monarchy under Juan Carlos I.
By the decision of King Juan Carlos I, Franco was entombed in the monument of Valle de los Caídos, until his body was moved in October 2019. [83] Equestrian statue of Franco in the Plaza del Ayuntamiento of Santander, taken down in late 2008. In Spain and abroad, the legacy of Franco remains controversial.
The agreement reached between Franco and Don Juan, which implicitly recognized the legitimacy of the Franco regime, left without effect the pact formalized in Saint-Jean-de-Luz three days later between José María Gil Robles, representing the non-collaborationist Juanistas monarchists of the Confederation of Monarchist Forces, and Indalecio ...
The transition to democracy took place in the early years of his reign, making Spain no longer the only non-communist dictatorship left in Europe. The new king assumed the project of the reformist sector of Franco's political elite that, facing the conservatives, defended the need to introduce gradual changes in the fundamental laws so that the new monarchy would be accepted in Europe as a whole.
The third [b] government of Francisco Franco was formed on 20 July 1945, following the end of World War II in Europe. [3] It succeeded the second Franco government and was the Government of Spain from 20 July 1945 to 19 July 1951, a total of 2,190 days, or 5 years, 11 months and 29 days.
The pillars for a New Spain in the Franco era became national syndicalism and national Catholicism. [2] The Franco period saw an extreme regression in the rights of women. [3] The situation for women was more regressive than that of women in Nazi Germany under Hitler. [3] Women did not have rights in Francoist Spain.
Franco's move was intended to seize power immediately, but his army uprising met with serious resistance, and great swathes of Spain, including most of the main cities, remained loyal to the Republic of Spain. The leaders of the coup (Franco was not commander-in-chief yet) did not lose heart with the stalemate and apparent failure of the coup.
Indeed, some even reverse the cause and effect between Franco and sociologicial Francoism, positing Franco as the effect of a pre-existing sociological Francoism, as described by former El País editor-in-chief Juan Luis Cebrián: I don't believe that Franco was the cause, but rather the consequence.