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35 mm equivalent focal lengths are calculated by multiplying the actual focal length of the lens by the crop factor of the sensor. Typical crop factors are 1.26× – 1.29× for Canon (1.35× for Sigma "H") APS-H format, 1.5× for Nikon APS-C ("DX") format (also used by Sony, Pentax, Fuji, Samsung and others), 1.6× for Canon APS-C format, 2× for Micro Four Thirds format, 2.7× for 1-inch ...
A 50 mm (focal length) lens on an APS-C image sensor format (crop factor 1.6) images a slightly smaller field of view than a 70 mm lens on a 35 mm sensor format camera (full frame sensor). A 80 mm lens (1.6 × 50 mm = 80 mm) with a full frame camera gives the same field of view as this 50 mm lens and APS-C sensor format combination produces.
One common misconception about lenses is that focal length determines the angle of view for a lens, when in reality it is a combination of focal length, lens coverage, and sensor size. A lens of a certain focal length on a large sensor will yield a wider angle of view than the same lens used with a smaller sensor. [3]
The plate scale of a telescope connects the angular separation of an object with the linear separation of its image at the focal plane. If focal length is measured in mm, the plate scale in radians per mm is given by angular separation θ and the linear separation of the image at the focal plane s, or by simply the focal length f:
Because the image sensors in many digital cameras are smaller than the 24 mm × 36 mm image area of full-frame 35 mm cameras, a lens of a given focal length gives a narrower field of view in such cameras. Sensor size is often expressed as optical format in inches. Other measures are also used; see table of sensor formats and sizes below.
Log-log graphs of lens focal length vs crop factor vs equivalent focal length for 35 mm film or image sensor size (= the focal length multiplied by a crop factor) vs diagonal, horizontal and vertical angles of view for film or sensors of 3:2 and 4:3 aspect ratios.
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Field of view is the area of the inspection captured on the camera’s imager. The size of the field of view and the size of the camera’s imager directly affect the image resolution (one determining factor in accuracy). Working distance is the distance between the back of the lens and the target object.