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Cellulose nitrate (c. 1889 – c. 1950) is the first of film supports.It can be found as roll film, motion picture film, and sheet film. It is difficult to determine the dates when all nitrate film was discontinued, however, Eastman Kodak last manufactured nitrate film in 1951. [1]
General purpose film for colour prints. Lower quality than Equicolor. Rebranded film made by 3M Ferrania. Sold in the 90's and early 00's. Italy 135 Nothing FOMA: Fomacolor 200: 1997–c2004 T 200 C-41 Print General purpose film for colour prints. Lower quality than Equicolor. Rebranded film made by 3M Ferrania. Sold in the 90's and early 00's ...
1889: Film negatives Cellulose nitrate film was developed by Eastman Kodak in 1889 and refined in 1903. It is made of silver gelatin on a cellulose nitrate base. The negatives are flammable and therefore can be dangerous. Nitrate sheet film was used widely though the 1930s, while nitrate roll film was used through the 1950s.
Despite the dangers of the nitrate film base being known practically since its development, it was used in virtually all major motion pictures prior to 1952, when Kodak completed a four-year conversion program to the sole manufacturing of acetate base film stocks. Kodak began working with acetate "safety film" as early as 1909, and started ...
Cellulose triacetate superseded nitrate as the film industry's mainstay base very quickly. While Kodak had discontinued some nitrate film stocks earlier, it stopped producing various nitrate roll films in 1950 and ceased production of nitrate 35 mm motion picture film in 1951. [49]
Movies of the first half of the 20th century were filmed on an unstable, highly flammable cellulose nitrate film base, which required careful storage to slow its inevitable process of decomposition over time. [5] Most films made on nitrate stock were not preserved; over the years, their negatives and prints crumbled into powder or dust. [10]
All amateur film stocks were safety film, but the use of nitrate persisted for professional releases. Kodak discontinued the manufacture of nitrate base in 1951, and the industry transitioned entirely to safety film in 1951 in the United States and by 1955 internationally.
The changeover was completed for X-ray films in 1933, but although safety film was always used for 16 mm and 8 mm home movies, nitrate film remained standard for theatrical 35 mm films until it was finally discontinued in 1951. [48] Hurter and Driffield began pioneering work on the light sensitivity of photographic emulsions in 1876.