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Waste (management) hierarchy is a tool used in the evaluation of processes that protect the environment alongside resource and energy consumption from most favourable to least favourable actions. [1] The hierarchy establishes preferred program priorities based on sustainability . [ 1 ]
Environmental policy is the commitment of an organization or government to the laws, regulations, and other policy mechanisms concerning environmental issues.These issues generally include air and water pollution, waste management, ecosystem management, maintenance of biodiversity, the management of natural resources, wildlife and endangered species. [1]
The EPAA organizes its activities around a yearly lead theme. For 2011, the lead theme was “Integrated testing strategies and their impact on the 3Rs”. The theme for 2012 was "Global implementation of 3Rs methodologies through international cooperation". The EPAA focuses on selected priority areas. Typical examples include :
Environmental resource management is an issue of increasing concern, as reflected in its prevalence in several texts influencing global sociopolitical frameworks such as the Brundtland Commission's Our Common Future, [3] which highlighted the integrated nature of the environment and international development, and the Worldwatch Institute's annual State of the World reports.
Waste is produced by human activity, for example, the extraction and processing of raw materials. [3] Waste management is intended to reduce the adverse effects of waste on human health, the environment, planetary resources, and aesthetics.
A common misconception of the 3Rs is that they refer only to replacement; [3] however, their scope is much broader. Moreover, while the 3Rs were designed for research on laboratory animal models, their implementation has been encouraged also in farmed animals [4] [5] and wildlife conservation research. [6] [7]
The three Rs, the waste management hierarchy: reduce, reuse, and recycle; The three Rs, consumer remedies under Australian Consumer Law when consumer guarantees of goods are not satisfied: refund, replace, and repair; The three Rs (animal research), principles for ethical use of animals in testing: replacement, reduction, refinement
For example, ExCo's affirmation of the 3RS in March 2014 was challenged by Wong Chun-yeung (writ filed in June 2015), [38] and the issuance of the environmental permit by the Environmental Protection Department to AAHK was also challenged by Ho Loy, supported by the Dolphin Conservation Society and People's Aviation Watch, [39] and Tam Kai-hei.