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A nabothian cyst (or nabothian follicle) [1] is a mucus-filled cyst on the surface of the cervix. They are most often caused when stratified squamous epithelium of the ectocervix (portion nearest to the vagina) grows over the simple columnar epithelium of the endocervix (portion nearest to the uterus).
Two percent of women will have a Bartholin's gland cyst at some point in their lives. [3] They occur at a rate of 0.55 per 1000 person-years and in women aged 35–50 years at a rate of 1.21 per 1000 person-years. [18] The incidence of Bartholin duct cysts increases with age until menopause, and decreases thereafter. [18]
Symptoms depend on whether the cervical canal is partially or completely obstructed and on the patient's menopausal status. Pre-menopausal patients may have a build up of blood inside the uterus which may cause infection, sporadic bleeding, or pelvic pain. Patients also have an increased risk of infertility and endometriosis. [1]
A corpus luteum cyst or luteal cyst is a type of ovarian cyst which may rupture about the time of menstruation, and take up to three months to disappear entirely. A corpus luteum cyst does not often occur in women over the age of 50, because eggs are no longer being released after menopause. Corpus luteum cysts may contain blood and other fluids.
Around 20 percent of women with PID develop infertility. [40] Even women who do not experience intense symptoms or are asymptomatic can become infertile. [ 41 ] This can be caused by the formation of scar tissue due to one or more episodes of PID, and can lead to tubal blockage.
If greater symptoms are present, surgery to remove the fibroid or uterus may help. [1] Uterine artery embolization may also help. [1] Cancerous versions of fibroids are very rare and are known as leiomyosarcomas. [1] They do not appear to develop from benign fibroids. [1] About 20% to 80% of women develop fibroids by the age of 50. [1]
[8] [14] Vaginal cysts can often be palpated (felt) by a clinician. Vaginal cysts are one type of vaginal mass, others include cancers and tumors. [15] The prevalence of vaginal cysts is uncertain since many go unreported but it is estimated that 1 out of 200 women have a vaginal cyst.
Endometrioma (also called chocolate cyst) is the presence of tissue similar to, but distinct from, the endometrium in and sometimes on the ovary. It is the most common form of endometriosis . [ 1 ] Endometrioma is found in 17–44% patients with endometriosis.