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Skin grafting, a type of graft surgery, involves the transplantation of skin without a defined circulation. The transplanted tissue is called a skin graft. [1] Surgeons may use skin grafting to treat: extensive wounding or trauma; burns; areas of extensive skin loss due to infection such as necrotizing fasciitis or purpura fulminans [2]
A dermatome is a surgical instrument for producing thin slices of skin from a donor area, for use in skin grafts. One of its main applications is for reconstituting skin areas damaged by third degree burns or trauma. Dermatomes can be operated either manually or electrically. The first drum dermatomes, developed in the 1930s, were manually ...
The dermal equivalent, also known as dermal replacement or neodermis, is an in vitro model of the dermal layer of skin. There is no specific way of forming a dermal equivalent, however the first dermal equivalent was constructed by seeding dermal fibroblasts into a collagen gel. This gel may then be allowed to contract as a model of wound ...
Allograft skin often comes from cadaver skin and is mostly used to treat burn victims. Lastly, xenografted skin comes from animals and provides a temporary healing structure for the skin. They assist in dermal regeneration, but cannot become part of the host skin. [23] Tissue-engineered skin is now available in commercial products.
Skin grafting – often used to treat skin loss due to a wound, burn, infection, or surgery. In the case of damaged skin, it is removed, and new skin is grafted in its place. Skin grafting can reduce the course of treatment and hospitalization needed, and can also improve function and appearance. There are two types of skin grafts:
Acellular dermis is a type of biomaterial derived from processing human or animal tissues to remove cells and retain portions of the extracellular matrix (ECM). These materials are typically cell-free, distinguishing them from classical allografts and xenografts, can be integrated or incorporated into the body, and have been FDA approved for human use for more than 10 years in a wide range of ...
In a major injury, if epithelial cell migration and tissue contraction cannot cover the wound, suturing the edges of the injured skin together, or even replacement of lost skin with skin grafts, may be required to restore the skin. As epithelial cells continue to migrate around the scab, the dermis is repaired by the activity of stem cells.
In 1869, Reverdin performed the first "fresh skin" allograft. [2] The eponymous "Reverdin graft", also known as a "pinch graft", is a procedure for removing tiny pieces of skin from a healthy area of the body and seeding them in a location that needs to be covered. [ 3 ]