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  2. Portable water purification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_water_purification

    Instead of using the static pressure of a water supply line to force the water through the filter, pressure is provided by a hand-operated pump. These devices can generate drinkable water from seawater. The Portable Aqua Unit for Lifesaving (short PAUL) is a portable ultrafiltration-based membrane water filter for humanitarian aid. It allows ...

  3. Phosphatase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatase

    In biochemistry, a phosphatase is an enzyme that uses water to cleave a phosphoric acid monoester into a phosphate ion and an alcohol. Because a phosphatase enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of its substrate , it is a subcategory of hydrolases . [ 1 ]

  4. Sand filter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand_filter

    The filter sand takes up most space of the chamber. It sits either on a nozzle floor or on top of a drainage system which allows the filtered water to exit. The pre-treated raw water enters the filter chamber on the top, flows through the filter medium and the effluent drains through the drainage system in the lower part.

  5. Biofilter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofilter

    Biological treatment has been used in Europe to filter surface water for drinking purposes since the early 1900s and is now receiving more interest worldwide. Biofiltration is also common in wastewater treatment , aquaculture and greywater recycling, as a way to minimize water replacement while increasing water quality .

  6. Reverse osmosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_osmosis

    The clarified water is then fed through a high-pressure piston pump into a series of RO vessels. 90.00–99.98% of the raw water's total dissolved solids are removed and military standards require that the result have no more than 1000–1500 parts per million by measure of electrical conductivity.

  7. Microfiltration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microfiltration

    The microfiltration process is pressure driven with suspended particles and water as retentate and dissolved solutes plus water as permeate. The use of hydraulic pressure accelerates the separation process by increasing the flow rate ( flux ) of the liquid stream but does not affect the chemical composition of the species in the retentate and ...