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A description of the projective geometry can be constructed in the geometric algebra using basic operations. For example, given two distinct points in RP n−1 represented by vectors a and b the line containing them is given by a ∧ b (or b ∧ a). Two lines intersect in a point if A ∧ B = 0 for their bivectors A and B. This point is given ...
The exponential map of the Earth as viewed from the north pole is the polar azimuthal equidistant projection in cartography. In Riemannian geometry, an exponential map is a map from a subset of a tangent space T p M of a Riemannian manifold (or pseudo-Riemannian manifold) M to M itself. The (pseudo) Riemannian metric determines a canonical ...
In mathematics, a bilinear form is a bilinear map V × V → K on a vector space V (the elements of which are called vectors) over a field K (the elements of which are called scalars). In other words, a bilinear form is a function B : V × V → K that is linear in each argument separately: B(u + v, w) = B(u, w) + B(v, w) and B(λu, v) = λB(u, v)
In mathematics, a biorthogonal system is a pair of indexed families of vectors ~ ~ such that ~, ~ =,, where and form a pair of topological vector spaces that are in duality, , is a bilinear mapping and , is the Kronecker delta.
A space curve; the vectors T, N, B; and the osculating plane spanned by T and N. In differential geometry, the Frenet–Serret formulas describe the kinematic properties of a particle moving along a differentiable curve in three-dimensional Euclidean space, or the geometric properties of the curve itself irrespective of any motion.
A bilinear map is a function: such that for all , the map (,) is a linear map from to , and for all , the map (,) is a linear map from to . In other words, when we hold the first entry of the bilinear map fixed while letting the second entry vary, the result is a linear operator, and similarly for when we hold the second entry fixed.
Some r-vectors are scalars (r = 0), vectors (r = 1) and bivectors (r = 2). One may generate a finite-dimensional GA by choosing a unit pseudoscalar (I). The set of all vectors that satisfy = is a vector space. The geometric product of the vectors in this vector space then defines the GA, of which I is a member.
The tangent vectors e 1 and e 2 of a frame on M define smooth functions from E with values in R 3, so each gives a 3-vector of functions and in particular de 1 is a 3-vector of 1-forms on E. The connection form is given by