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Patent model of Eli Whitney’s cotton gin. A patent model was a handmade miniature model no larger than 12" by 12" by 12" (approximately 30 cm by 30 cm by 30 cm) that showed how an invention works. It was one of the most interesting early features of the United States patent system. [1]
Modern micrometer with a reading of 1.639 ± 0.005 mm. Assuming no zero error, this is also the measurement. (One may need to enlarge the image to read it.) Outside, inside, and depth micrometers. The outside micrometer has a unit conversion chart between fractional and decimal inch measurements etched onto the frame
The product was named Otis King's Patent Calculator, and was manufactured and sold by Carbic Ltd. in London from about 1922 to about 1972. With a log-scale decade length of 66 inches, the Otis King calculator should be about a full digit more accurate than a 6-inch pocket slide rule. But due to inaccuracies in tic-mark placement, some portions ...
6 mm – approximate width of a pencil; 7 mm – length of a Paedophryne amauensis, the smallest-known vertebrate [108] 7.1 mm – length of a sunflower seed; 7.62×51mm NATO – common military ammunition size [109] 8 mm – width of old-format home movie film; 8 mm – length of a Paedocypris progenetica, the smallest-known fish [110]
Gottschalk v. Benson, 409 U.S. 63 (1972), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that a process claim directed to a numerical algorithm, as such, was not patentable because "the patent would wholly pre-empt the mathematical formula and in practical effect would be a patent on the algorithm itself."
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Ordinary 150 mm (6 in) digital calipers made of stainless steel have a rated accuracy of 0.02 mm and a resolution of 0.01 mm (0.0005 in). [11] The same technology is used for longer calipers, but accuracy declines to 0.03 mm (0.001 in) for 100–200 mm (4–8 in) and 0.04 mm (0.0015 in) for 200–300 mm (8–12 in) measurements.
For example, if a shaft with a nominal diameter of 10 mm is to have a sliding fit within a hole, the shaft might be specified with a tolerance range from 9.964 to 10 mm (i.e., a zero fundamental deviation, but a lower deviation of 0.036 mm) and the hole might be specified with a tolerance range from 10.04 mm to 10.076 mm (0.04 mm fundamental ...