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Of relevance to both health psychology and the psychology of religion is the work of Holt, Clark, Kreuter and Rubio (2003) on a questionnaire to assess spiritual-health locus of control. The authors distinguished between an active spiritual-health locus of control (in which "God empowers the individual to take healthy actions" [ 38 ] ) and a ...
More responsibility will be attributed to the harm-doer as the outcome becomes more severe, and as personal or situational similarity decreases. [41] An example of defensive attribution is the just-world fallacy, which is where "good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people". People believe in this in order to avoid ...
Individuals with an external locus of control are more likely to exhibit a self-serving bias following failure than those with an internal locus of control. [ 2 ] [ 18 ] The difference in attribution style between individuals with internal and external loci of control, however, is not as marked in successful outcomes, as individuals with both ...
(4) “displacement of responsibility” - "I was just following the orders of my superiors" -is an example of this. (5) “diffusion of responsibility” distributed the accountability from one person to an poorly-defined group. (6) “distortion of consequences” misrepresents the effects of the act as not significant.
The attributions of blame are negatively correlated to similarities between the observer and the people involved in the mishap, i.e. more responsibility is attributed to the people involved who are dissimilar to the observer. Assigning responsibility allows the observer to believe that the mishap was controllable and thus preventable. [1]
Several theories predict the fundamental attribution error, and thus both compete to explain it, and can be falsified if it does not occur. Some examples include: Just-world fallacy. The belief that people get what they deserve and deserve what they get, the concept of which was first theorized by Melvin J. Lerner in 1977. [11]
Psychology portal; Theory of mind – Ability to attribute mental states to oneself and others; Attribution (psychology) – Process by which individuals explain causes of behavior and events; Fallacy of the single cause – Assumption of a single cause where multiple factors may be necessary; Causality – How one process influences another
Hardiness and the remaining constructs of locus of control, dispositional optimism, and self-efficacy all emphasize goal-directed behaviour in some form. For instance, in accordance with the theory of dispositional optimism, [ 44 ] [ 45 ] what we expect will be the outcomes of our behaviour helps determine whether we respond to adversity by ...