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The Antoine equation is a class of semi-empirical correlations describing the relation between vapor pressure and temperature for pure substances. The Antoine equation is derived from the Clausius–Clapeyron relation. The equation was presented in 1888 by the French engineer Louis Charles Antoine (1825–1897). [1]
The Antoine equation [3] [4] is a pragmatic mathematical expression of the relation between the vapor pressure and the temperature of pure liquid or solid substances. It is obtained by curve-fitting and is adapted to the fact that vapor pressure is usually increasing and concave as a function of temperature. The basic form of the equation is:
Substituting into the Clapeyron equation =, we can obtain the Clausius–Clapeyron equation [8]: 509 = for low temperatures and pressures, [8]: 509 where is the specific latent heat of the substance. Instead of the specific, corresponding molar values (i.e. L {\\displaystyle L} in kJ/mol and R = 8.31 J/(mol⋅K)) may also be used.
Examples of modern use of these formulae can additionally be found in NASA's GISS Model-E and Seinfeld and Pandis (2006). The former is an extremely simple Antoine equation, while the latter is a polynomial. [8] In 2018 a new physics-inspired approximation formula was devised and tested by Huang [9] who also reviews other recent attempts.
Uses Antoine's equation: = + from Lange's Handbook of Chemistry 10th ed. Here is a similar formula from the 67th edition of the CRC handbook. Note that the form of this formula as given is a fit to the Clausius–Clapeyron equation, which is a good theoretical starting point for calculating saturation vapor pressures:
Ethyl cyanoacetate is a building block for the synthesis of heterocycles which are used for example as drugs: Allopurinol , used for the treatment of chronic gout, can be synthesized starting with a Knoevenagel condensation with triethyl orthoformate ; the condensation product is cyclized with hydrazine to give a substituted pyrazole and ...
Traité élémentaire de chimie [1] is a textbook written by Antoine Lavoisier published in 1789 and translated into English by Robert Kerr in 1790 under the title Elements of Chemistry in a New Systematic Order containing All the Modern Discoveries. [2] It is considered to be the first modern chemical textbook. [3]
In the article, it is stated that the Antoine equation is derived from the Clausius–Clapeyron relation. However to my knowledge this is not possible, as the Antoine equation is semi empirical. The best one can do is derive the August equation, which holds when the specific volume in a substances initial phase is very small compared to its gas ...