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Adolescents and young adults also tend to have higher stages of melanoma at diagnosis. Younger age at diagnosis and high mitotic rate may correlate with a greater likelihood of metastasis to the lymph nodes. [15] Sarcoma: Adolescents and young adults often fare worse than young children with the same histologic type of sarcoma.
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Breast cancer predominantly affects women; less than 1% of those with breast cancer are men. [158] Women can develop breast cancer as early as adolescence, but risk increases with age, and 75% of cases are in women over 50 years old. [158] The risk over a woman's lifetime is approximately 1.5% at age 40, 3% at age 50, and more than 4% risk at ...
Staging breast cancer is the initial step to help physicians determine the most appropriate course of treatment. As of 2016, guidelines incorporated biologic factors, such as tumor grade, cellular proliferation rate, estrogen and progesterone receptor expression, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) expression, and gene expression profiling into the staging system.
The use of mammography as a screening tool for the detection of early breast cancer in otherwise healthy women without symptoms is seen by some as controversial. [71] [72] [73] Keen and Keen indicated that repeated mammography starting at age fifty saves about 1.8 lives over 15 years for every 1,000 women screened. [74]
The women taught self-exam detected more benign (normal or harmless lumps) or early-stage breast disease, but equal numbers of women died from breast cancer in each group. [ 3 ] Because breast self-exam is not proven to save lives, it is no longer routinely recommended by health authorities for general use.
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