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A non-return valve allowing atmospheric air into the boiler, if a cold boiler reduces its internal pressure on cooling down. This avoids the risk of damage to some types, if their pressure loads are reversed. Few boilers are fitted with these, although the feedwater clack valve usually has a similar effect. Vertical boiler Water-level Water-wall
Induced draught: This is obtained one of three ways, the first being the "stack effect" of a heated chimney, in which the flue gas is less dense than the ambient air surrounding the boiler. The denser column of ambient air forces combustion air into and through the boiler. The second method is through use of a steam jet.
A fuel-heated boiler must provide air to oxidize its fuel. Early boilers provided this stream of air, or draught, through the natural action of convection in a chimney connected to the exhaust of the combustion chamber. Since the heated flue gas is less dense than the ambient air surrounding the boiler, the flue gas rises in the chimney ...
The gas-cooling throttling process is commonly exploited in refrigeration processes such as liquefiers in air separation industrial process. [7] [8] In hydraulics, the warming effect from Joule–Thomson throttling can be used to find internally leaking valves as these will produce heat which can be detected by thermocouple or thermal-imaging ...
This is the critical heat flux. At this point in the maximum, considerable vapor is being formed, making it difficult for the liquid to continuously wet the surface to receive heat from the surface. This causes the heat flux to reduce after this point. At extremes, film boiling commonly known as the Leidenfrost effect is observed.
In a water boiler, draft is the difference between atmospheric pressure and the pressure existing in the furnace or flue gas passage. [1] Draft can also be referred to as the difference in pressure in the combustion chamber area which results in the motion of the flue gases and the air flow.
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