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For example, "5 metres per second" is a scalar, whereas "5 metres per second east" is a vector. ... The average velocity of an object over a period of time is its ...
In many engineering applications the local flow velocity vector field is not known in every point and the only accessible velocity is the bulk velocity or average flow velocity ¯ (with the usual dimension of length per time), defined as the quotient between the volume flow rate ˙ (with dimension of cubed length per time) and the cross sectional area (with dimension of square length):
A scalar in physics and other areas of science is also a scalar in mathematics, as an element of a mathematical field used to define a vector space.For example, the magnitude (or length) of an electric field vector is calculated as the square root of its absolute square (the inner product of the electric field with itself); so, the inner product's result is an element of the mathematical field ...
scalar Angular acceleration: ω a: Change in angular velocity per unit time rad/s 2: T −2: Area: A: Extent of a surface m 2: L 2: extensive, bivector or scalar Area density: ρ A: Mass per unit area kg⋅m −2: L −2 M: intensive Capacitance: C: Stored charge per unit electric potential farad (F = C/V) L −2 M −1 T 4 I 2: scalar ...
Speed is the magnitude of velocity (a vector), which indicates additionally the direction of motion. Speed has the dimensions of distance divided by time. The SI unit of speed is the metre per second (m/s), but the most common unit of speed in everyday usage is the kilometre per hour (km/h) or, in the US and the UK, miles per hour (mph).
Every algebra over a field is a vector space, but elements of an algebra are generally not called vectors. However, in some cases, they are called vectors, mainly due to historical reasons. Vector quaternion, a quaternion with a zero real part; Multivector or p-vector, an element of the exterior algebra of a vector space.
Consider a scalar quantity φ = φ(x, t), where t is time and x is position. Here φ may be some physical variable such as temperature or chemical concentration. The physical quantity, whose scalar quantity is φ, exists in a continuum, and whose macroscopic velocity is represented by the vector field u(x, t).
The divergence of a vector field is often illustrated using the simple example of the velocity field of a fluid, a liquid or gas. A moving gas has a velocity, a speed and direction at each point, which can be represented by a vector, so the velocity of the gas forms a vector field. If a gas is heated, it will expand.