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Medtronic (NYS: MDT) announced Wednesday that it is offering a $2.5 million grant to Yale researchers who will independently review the safety of the company's controversial Infuse bone graft product.
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a group of growth factors also known as cytokines and as metabologens. [1] Professor Marshall Urist and Professor Hari Reddi discovered their ability to induce the formation of bone and cartilage, BMPs are now considered to constitute a group of pivotal morphogenetic signals, orchestrating tissue architecture throughout the body.
Autologous bone graft is the "gold standard" treatment and possesses osteogenic, osteoinductive, and osteoconductive properties, although only a limited sample can be taken and there is a high risk of side effects. [11] Bone graft substitutes. Inorganic bone substitutes may be used to complement or replace autologous bone grafting.
Bone graft procedures consist of more than just the surgery itself. The complete three-month total cost of a complex posterolateral lumbar spine fusion bone graft supplemented with graft extenders ranges from a mean of approximately US$33,860 to US$37,227. [33] This price includes all visits in and out of the hospital for three months.
Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA) are medications which stimulate the bone marrow to make red blood cells. [1] They are used to treat anemia due to end stage kidney disease, chemotherapy, major surgery, or certain treatments in HIV/AIDS. [1] [2] In these situations they decrease the need for blood transfusions. [2]
[10] [28] Chronic rejection is the loss of graft function due to sustained immune response against the graft, leading to the functional loss of tissue graft from months to years. [ 10 ] [ 28 ] One standard method for treating the complications that arise from immune rejection is using immunosuppressive drugs .
Normally, bone continuously breaks down and rebuilds—old bone is resorbed and replaced with new bone. The process keeps the skeleton strong and helps it to maintain a balance of minerals. [ 23 ] In the course of avascular necrosis, however, the healing process is usually ineffective and the bone tissues break down faster than the body can ...
In orthopaedic medicine, a bone graft can be sourced from a patient's own bone in order to fill space and produce an osteogenic response in a bone defect. However, due to the donor-site morbidity associated with autograft, other methods such as bone allograft and bone morphogenetic proteins and synthetic graft materials are often used as alternatives.