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Social identity threat is a theory in social psychology derived from social identity theory to explain the different types of threats that arise from group identity being threatened as opposed to personal identity. [1]
In quantum field theory, a Slavnov–Taylor identity is the non-Abelian [1] generalisation of a Ward–Takahashi identity, which in turn is an identity between correlation functions that follows from the global or gauged symmetries of a theory, and which remains valid after renormalization.
The necessity for Faddeev–Popov ghosts follows from the requirement that quantum field theories yield unambiguous, non-singular solutions. This is not possible in the path integral formulation when a gauge symmetry is present since there is no procedure for selecting among physically equivalent solutions related by gauge transformation.
Social identity is the portion of an individual's self-concept derived from perceived membership in a relevant social group. [1] [2]As originally formulated by social psychologists Henri Tajfel and John Turner in the 1970s and the 1980s, [3] social identity theory introduced the concept of a social identity as a way in which to explain intergroup behaviour.
In theoretical physics, a Fierz identity is an identity that allows one to rewrite bilinears of the product of two spinors as a linear combination of products of the bilinears of the individual spinors. It is named after Swiss physicist Markus Fierz.
Males are more dominant than females, and they possess more political power and occupy higher status positions illustrating the iron law of androcracy. [18] As a role gets more powerful, Putnam ’s law of increasing disproportion [ 19 ] becomes applicable and the probability the role is occupied by a hegemonic group member increases.
Influenced by his earlier readings of Boscovich, he began to develop a physics of the will to power. The idea of matter as centers of force is translated into matter as centers of will to power. Nietzsche wanted to slough off the theory of matter, which he viewed as a relic of the metaphysics of substance. [24]
The Ward–Takahashi identity applies to correlation functions in momentum space, which do not necessarily have all their external momenta on-shell.Let (;;) = (;;)be a QED correlation function involving an external photon with momentum k (where () is the polarization vector of the photon and summation over =, …, is implied), n initial-state electrons with momenta , and n final-state ...