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The Phillips curve equation can be derived from the (short-run) Lucas aggregate supply function. The Lucas approach is very different from that of the traditional view. Instead of starting with empirical data, he started with a classical economic model following very simple economic principles. Start with the aggregate supply function:
This exhibits a Phillips curve relationship, as inflation is positively related with output (i.e. inflation is negatively related with unemployment). However, and this is the point, the existence of a short-run Phillips curve does not make the central bank capable of exploiting this relationship in a systematic way.
Many researchers, such as Blanchard, Galí [1] or Mankiw [2] appear skeptical with regard to the existence of divine coincidence in the real world. This skepticism is mostly directed to the severely restrictive assumptions required for divine coincidence to exist in the NKPC model, most prominently the absence of real wage rigidities.
In 2002, Mankiw and Ricardo Reis proposed an alternative to the widely-used New Keynesian Phillips curve that is based on the slow diffusion of information among the population of price setters. Their sticky-information model displays three related properties that are more consistent with accepted views about the effects of monetary policy.
The New Keynesian Phillips curve was originally derived by Roberts in 1995, [48] and has since been used in most state-of-the-art New Keynesian DSGE models. [49] The new Keynesian Phillips curve says that this period's inflation depends on current output and the expectations of next period's inflation.
One important application of the critique (independent of proposed microfoundations) is its implication that the historical negative correlation between inflation and unemployment, known as the Phillips curve, could break down if the monetary authorities attempted to exploit it.
Poison Profits. A HuffPost / WNYC investigation into lead contamination in New York City
The book is aimed at beginners, with each chapter outlining a single convention, including takeout doubles, negative doubles, and cuebid raises. [1] All chapters are followed by a quiz. Since its publication, the book has sold over 300,000 copies, [2] and won the American Bridge Teachers' Association Book of the Year (Student) award. [3]