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The bulbous corpuscle, Ruffini ending or Ruffini corpuscle is a slowly adapting mechanoreceptor located in the cutaneous tissue between the dermal papillae and the hypodermis. It is named after Angelo Ruffini .
All cutaneous mechanoreceptors including pacinian corpuscles: III Aδ: 1–5 μm: Thin: 3–30 m/s: Free nerve endings of touch and pressure Nociceptors of neospinothalamic tract Cold thermoreceptors: IV C: 0.2–1.5 μm: No: 0.5–2.0 m/s: Nociceptors of paleospinothalamic tract Warmth receptors
The Slowly Adapting type 2 (SA2) mechanoreceptors, with the Ruffini corpuscle end-organ (also known as the bulbous corpuscles), detect tension deep in the skin and fascia and respond to skin stretch, but have not been closely linked to either proprioceptive or mechanoreceptive roles in perception. [2]
There are four main types of mechanoreceptors in the glabrous skin of humans: Pacinian corpuscles, Meissner's corpuscles, Merkel's discs, and Ruffini corpuscles. The Naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber) has evolved skin lacking in general, pelagic hair covering, yet has retained long, very sparsely scattered tactile hairs over its body. [3]
Cutaneous receptors are at the ends of afferent neurons. works within the capsule. Ion channels are situated near these networks. In sensory transduction, the afferent nerves transmit through a series of synapses in the central nervous system, first in the spinal cord, the ventrobasal portion of the thalamus, and then on to the somatosensory cortex.
Hada R (1990). "[Difference in responses of free nerve endings and Ruffini-type endings innervating the cat mandibular periosteum to square wave pressure stimuli, ramp mechanical stimuli and triangular vibrations]". Shikwa Gakuho. 90 (2): 161– 80. PMID 2135092. Textbook in Medical Physiology And Pathophysiology: Essentials and clinical problems.
Merkel nerve endings have a widely distributed in glabrous and hairy skin, in hair follicles, and in oral and anal mucosa. [citation needed]Meckel nerve endings are most numerous beneath the ridges of the fingertips which make up fingerprints, and less so in the palms and forearm.
Angelo Ruffini (Pretare of Arquata del Tronto; 1864–1929) was an Italian histologist and embryologist. He studied medicine at the University of Bologna , where beginning in 1894 he taught classes in histology .