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German universities (except for law schools) grade with a scale of 1 to 5: 1.0–1.5 sehr gut (very good: an outstanding achievement) 1.6–2.5 gut (good: an achievement which lies substantially above average requirements) 2.6–3.5 befriedigend (satisfactory: an achievement which corresponds to average requirements)
The Percentage System works as follows: the maximum number of marks possible is 100, the minimum is 0, and the minimum number of marks required to pass is 35. Scores of 91–100% are considered excellent, 75–90% considered very good, 55–64% considered good, 45–55% considered fair, 41–44% considered pass, and 0–40% considered fail.
Similar or identical systems as in Germany (where a Habilitation is required) are in place, e.g., in Austria, the German-speaking part of Switzerland (however in Switzerland the term is used as a more general honorary title in the Universities of Applied Sciences, the Fachhochschulen), as well as in Poland, Slovakia, Hungary and Slovenia.
Unlike "rankings with often questionable indicators", the German ranking actively involves the universities in its compilation and thus achieves a "high data quality at the institute level." In 2005, the European University Association claimed that "the system used by CHE to evaluate universities is probably the best model available in the ...
The Centre for Higher Education (CHE) (German: Centrum für Hochschulentwicklung) is a German organization dedicated to higher education reform. Founded in 1994 by the Bertelsmann Stiftung and the German Rectors' Conference as a non-profit limited liability company, it is best known to the public for its published university rankings.
Grading in education is the application of standardized measurements to evaluate different levels of student achievement in a course. Grades can be expressed as letters (usually A to F), as a range (for example, 1 to 6), percentages, or as numbers out of a possible total (often out of 100).
Complete list of German universities – Higher Education Compass (Hochschulkompass) German Universities – Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung) Universities in Germany For PhD — Ranking, Fees, and Scope in 2025; Times Higher Education German University rankings
The ECTS grading scale is a grading system for higher education institutions defined in the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System (ECTS) framework by the European Commission.