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Cyclic guanosine monophosphate-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 is an enzyme (EC 3.1.4.17) from the phosphodiesterase class. It is found in various tissues, most prominently the corpus cavernosum of the clitoris and of the penis as well as the retina . [ 5 ]
cGMP cAMP. A phosphodiesterase (PDE) is an enzyme that breaks a phosphodiester bond.Usually, phosphodiesterase refers to cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, which have great clinical significance and are described below.
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is a cyclic nucleotide derived from guanosine triphosphate (GTP). cGMP acts as a second messenger much like cyclic AMP.Its most likely mechanism of action is activation of intracellular protein kinases in response to the binding of membrane-impermeable peptide hormones to the external cell surface. [1]
The enzyme 3′,5′-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.35) catalyzes the reaction guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic phosphate + H 2 O ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } guanosine 5′-phosphate This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases , specifically those acting on phosphoric diester bonds.
cAMP and cAMP-inhibited cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 10A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PDE10A gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] Various cellular responses are regulated by the second messengers cAMP and cGMP .
Phosphodiesterase hydrolyzes cGMP to 5’-GMP. Decrease in cGMP concentration leads to decreased opening of cation channels and subsequently hyperpolarization of the membrane potential. Transducin is deactivated when the α-subunit-bound GTP is hydrolyzed to GDP. This process is accelerated by a complex containing an RGS (Regulator of G-protein ...
Retinal rod rhodopsin-sensitive cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit delta is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PDE6D gene. [5] [6] [7] PDE6D was originally identified as a fourth subunit of rod cell-specific cGMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) (EC 3.1.4.35). The precise function of PDE delta subunit in the rod specific GMP-PDE complex ...
The human genome contains at least 21 genes involved in determining the intracellular levels of cAMP and cGMP by the expression of phosphodiesterase proteins or PDE's. These PDE's are grouped into at least 11 functional subfamilies, named PDE1-PDE11. [4]