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In algebra, the partial fraction decomposition or partial fraction expansion of a rational fraction (that is, a fraction such that the numerator and the denominator are both polynomials) is an operation that consists of expressing the fraction as a sum of a polynomial (possibly zero) and one or several fractions with a simpler denominator.
Exponentiation with negative exponents is defined by the following identity, which holds for any integer n and nonzero b: =. [1] Raising 0 to a negative exponent is undefined but, in some circumstances, it may be interpreted as infinity (). [24]
The resulting integrands are of the same form as the original integrand, so these reduction formulas can be repeatedly applied to drive the exponents m, p and q toward 0. These reduction formulas can be used for integrands having integer and/or fractional exponents.
Roots are a special type of exponentiation using a fractional exponent. For example, the square root of a number is the same as raising the number to the power of 1 2 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{2}}} and the cube root of a number is the same as raising the number to the power of 1 3 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{3}}} .
Fractional calculus is a branch of mathematical analysis that studies the several different possibilities of defining real ... , which is the exponential function, ...
A simple fraction (also known as a common fraction or vulgar fraction, where vulgar is Latin for "common") is a rational number written as a/b or , where a and b are both integers. [9] As with other fractions, the denominator (b) cannot be zero. Examples include 1 / 2 , − 8 / 5 , −8 / 5 , and 8 / −5
An irrational fraction is one that contains the variable under a fractional exponent. [12] An example of an irrational fraction is / / /. The process of transforming an irrational fraction to a rational fraction is known as rationalization.
A quadratic equation is one which includes a term with an exponent of 2, for example, , [40] and no term with higher exponent. The name derives from the Latin quadrus , meaning square. [ 41 ] In general, a quadratic equation can be expressed in the form a x 2 + b x + c = 0 {\displaystyle ax^{2}+bx+c=0} , [ 42 ] where a is not zero (if it were ...