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  2. Infant respiratory distress syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infant_respiratory...

    The lungs of infants with respiratory distress syndrome are developmentally deficient in a material called surfactant, which helps prevent the collapse of the terminal air spaces (the future site of alveolar development) throughout the normal cycle of inhalation and exhalation. This deficiency of surfactant is related to inhibition from the ...

  3. Pulmonary hypoplasia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonary_hypoplasia

    Medical diagnosis of pulmonary hypoplasia in utero may use imaging, usually ultrasound or MRI. [12] [13] The extent of hypoplasia is a very important prognostic factor. [14]One study of 147 fetuses (49 normal, 98 with abnormalities) found that a simple measurement, the ratio of chest length to trunk length, was a useful predictor of postnatal respiratory distress. [15]

  4. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congenital_diaphragmatic...

    Infants born with diaphragmatic hernia experience respiratory failure due to both pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary hypoplasia. The first condition is a restriction of blood flow through the lungs thought to be caused by defects in the lung.

  5. Bochdalek hernia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bochdalek_hernia

    A Bochdalek hernia is a congenital abnormality in which an opening exists in the infant's diaphragm, allowing normally intra-abdominal organs (particularly the stomach and intestines) to enter into the thoracic cavity. In the majority of people, the affected lung will be deformed, [3] and the resulting lung compression can be life-threatening ...

  6. Meconium aspiration syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meconium_aspiration_syndrome

    Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), also known as neonatal aspiration of meconium, is a medical condition affecting newborn infants.It describes the spectrum of disorders and pathophysiology of newborns born in meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) and have meconium within their lungs.

  7. Congenital pulmonary airway malformation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congenital_pulmonary...

    Congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM), formerly known as congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM), is a congenital disorder of the lung similar to bronchopulmonary sequestration. In CPAM, usually an entire lobe of lung is replaced by a non-working cystic piece of abnormal lung tissue.

  8. Pulmonary agenesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonary_agenesis

    Pulmonary agenesis is an inborn lung underdevelopment that is rare and potentially lethal. [1] The disorder is caused by a complete developmental arrest of the primitive lung during embryonic life, and it is often associated with other developmental defects. [2]

  9. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchopulmonary_dysplasia

    The new system offers a better description of underlying pulmonary disease and its severity. [5] "The term 'bronchopulmonary dysplasia' was first used by [William] Northway et al. in 1967 to describe a chronic form of injury to the lungs caused by barotrauma and oxygen injury in preterm infants requiring mechanical ventilation." [6]