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Case-hardening or carburization is the process of introducing carbon to the surface of a low-carbon iron, or more commonly a low-carbon steel object, in order to harden the surface. Iron which has a carbon content greater than ~0.02% is known as steel .
Case hardening is the result of a large amount of heat dehydrated production, which hardens the exterior of the fruit or vegetable, making it difficult to avoid moisture crumb. The food dried at a very high temperature, the outer surface will harden, preventing moisture from escaping through the center of the slice. The food shrinks when it ...
This also inversely affects the depth of the case; i.e., a high carbon steel will form a hard, but shallow case. [14] A similar process is the trademarked "Nu-Tride" process, also known incorrectly as the "Kolene" process (which is the company's name), includes a preheat and an intermediate quench cycle.
Quench polish quench (QPQ) is a specialized type of nitrocarburizing case hardening that increases corrosion resistance. It is sometimes known by the brand name of Tufftride, Tenifer or Melonite. [1] Three steps are involved: nitrocarburize ("quench"), polish, and post-oxidize ("quench"). [2]
Case-hardening, differential hardening, shot peening – creating a wear-resistant surface; Casting – shaping of a liquid material by pouring it into moulds and letting it solidify; Die cutting – A "forme" or "die" is pressed onto a flat material in order to cut, score, punch and otherwise shape the material
A few typical hardening agents include carbon monoxide gas (CO), sodium cyanide and barium carbonate, or hardwood charcoal. In gas carburizing, carbon is given off by propane or natural gas . In liquid carburizing, the carbon is derived from a molten salt composed mainly of sodium cyanide (NaCN) and barium chloride (BaCl 2 ).
Private contractors who work for owners of homes or private land comprise less than 1% of the private fire service industry, according to the National Wildfire Suppression Association.
Direct reduction processes can be divided roughly into two categories: gas-based and coal-based. In both cases, the objective of the process is to remove the oxygen contained in various forms of iron ore (sized ore, concentrates, pellets, mill scale, furnace dust, etc.) in order to convert the ore to metallic iron, without melting it (below 1,200 °C (2,190 °F)).