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In bifurcation theory, a field within mathematics, a pitchfork bifurcation is a particular type of local bifurcation where the system transitions from one fixed point to three fixed points. Pitchfork bifurcations, like Hopf bifurcations , have two types – supercritical and subcritical.
Symmetry breaking in pitchfork bifurcation as the parameter ε is varied. ε = 0 is the case of symmetric pitchfork bifurcation.. In a dynamical system such as ¨ + (;) + =, which is structurally stable when , if a bifurcation diagram is plotted, treating as the bifurcation parameter, but for different values of , the case = is the symmetric pitchfork bifurcation.
If the eigenvalue is equal to one, the bifurcation is either a saddle-node (often called fold bifurcation in maps), transcritical or pitchfork bifurcation. If the eigenvalue is equal to −1, it is a period-doubling (or flip) bifurcation, and otherwise, it is a Hopf bifurcation. Examples of local bifurcations include: Saddle-node (fold) bifurcation
To see how this number arises, consider the real one-parameter map =.Here a is the bifurcation parameter, x is the variable. The values of a for which the period doubles (e.g. the largest value for a with no period-2 orbit, or the largest a with no period-4 orbit), are a 1, a 2 etc.
Bifurcation diagram for the Rössler attractor for varying Here, a {\displaystyle a} is fixed at 0.2, c {\displaystyle c} is fixed at 5.7 and b {\displaystyle b} changes. As shown in the accompanying diagram, as b {\displaystyle b} approaches 0 the attractor approaches infinity (note the upswing for very small values of b {\displaystyle b} ).
In the mathematical area of bifurcation theory a saddle-node bifurcation, tangential bifurcation or fold bifurcation is a local bifurcation in which two fixed points (or equilibria) of a dynamical system collide and annihilate each other. The term 'saddle-node bifurcation' is most often used in reference to continuous dynamical systems.
But when the mass reaches a certain point – the bifurcation point – the beam will suddenly buckle, in a direction dependent on minor imperfections in the setup. This is an example of a pitchfork bifurcation. Changes in the control parameter eventually changed the qualitative behavior of the system.
Diagram showing pitchfork bifurcation geometry given by a slice through cusp catastrophe. Date: 1 December 2005: Source: Created in OpenOffice Draw, exported as SVG, size explicitly added in text editor. Author: Jheald: SVG development