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In the study of chronobiology, entrainment refers to the synchronization of a biological clock to an environmental cycle. An example is the interaction between circadian rhythms and environmental cues, such as light and temperature. Entrainment helps organisms adapt their bodily processes according to the timing of a changing environment. [1]
Brainwave entrainment is a colloquialism for 'neural entrainment', [25] which is a term used to denote the way in which the aggregate frequency of oscillations produced by the synchronous electrical activity in ensembles of cortical neurons can adjust to synchronize with the periodic vibration of external stimuli, such as a sustained acoustic ...
Entrainment in the biomusicological sense refers to the synchronization (e.g., foot tapping) of organisms to an external perceived rhythm such as human music and dance. Humans are the only species for which all individuals experience entrainment, although there are documented examples of entrained nonhuman individuals.
Entrainment (hydrodynamics), the movement of one fluid by another; Entrainment (meteorology), a phenomenon of the atmosphere; Entrainment (physical geography), the process by which surface sediment is incorporated into a fluid flow; Entrainment (physics), the process whereby two interacting oscillating systems assume the same period
Entrainment to environmental cycles is a trait with advantages, and is thus found in nearly all organisms. Many ecological relationships such as predator-prey interactions, pollinator behaviors, migration timing all require the synchronization of an organism’s biological clock with the 24-hour rhythm of planet. [12]
Although many researchers consider light to be the strongest cue for entrainment, it is not the only factor acting on circadian rhythms. Other factors may enhance or decrease the effectiveness of entrainment. For instance, exercise and other physical activity, when coupled with light exposure, results in a somewhat stronger entrainment response ...
This ability to align behaviors such as feeding and activity to the external environmental cycle is a process called entrainment. [ 5 ] Biological rhythms , including cycles related to sleep and wakefulness, mood, and cognitive performance, are synchronized with the body's internal circadian clock . [ 6 ]
Entrainment is commonly observed in nature, for example in the synchronized lighting of fireflies, which is coordinated by a burst of action potentials; [4] entrainment can also be observed in individual neurons. [5] Both types of models may be used to understand the behavior of small biological neural networks, such as the central pattern ...