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The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language states "By convention, 12 AM denotes midnight and 12 PM denotes noon. Because of the potential for confusion, it is advisable to use 12 noon and 12 midnight". [34] E. G. Richards in his book Mapping Time (1999) provided a diagram in which 12 a.m. means noon and 12 p.m. means midnight. [35]
Solar midnight is the time opposite to solar noon, when the Sun is closest to the nadir, and the night is equidistant from sunset and sunrise. Due to the advent of time zones , which regularize time across a range of meridians , and daylight saving time , solar midnight rarely coincides with 12 midnight on the clock.
every morning: quaque ante meridiem q.d., qd every day / daily quaque die q.h.s., qhs every night at bedtime quaque hora somni q.d.s, qds, QDS 4 times a day quater die sumendum q.i.d, qid 4 times a day quater in die q.h., qh every hour, hourly quaque hora q.o.d., qod every other day / alternate days quaque altera die q.p.m., qPM, qpm
The time of day is typically expressed in English in terms of hours. Whole hours on a 12-hour clock are expressed using the contracted phrase o'clock, from the older of the clock. [6] (10 am and 10 pm are both read as "ten o'clock".) Hours on a 24-hour clock ("military time") are expressed as "hundred" or "hundred hours".
In these cases, exact and unambiguous communication of time is critical. If someone mistakes 5:00 AM for 5:00 PM in a hospital for example, when medication or other medical treatment is needed at a certain time, the outcome could be dire. Thus 24-hour time (5:00 PM written as 17:00) is used.
The civil day (dies civilis) ran from midnight (media nox) to midnight. [5] The date of birth of children was given as this period. [6] It was divided into the following parts: Media nox (midnight) Mediae noctis inclinatio (the middle of the night) Gallicinium (cock crowing) Conticinium (cock stops crowing) Diluculum (dawn) Mane (morning)
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Date and time notation in the United Kingdom records the date using the day–month–year format (31 December 1999, 31/12/99 or 31/12/1999). The time can be written using either the 24-hour clock (23:59) or the 12-hour clock (11:59 p.m.), either with a colon or a full stop (11.59 p.m.).