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Rituximab, sold under the brand name Rituxan among others, is a monoclonal antibody medication used to treat certain autoimmune diseases and types of cancer. [18] It is used for non-Hodgkin lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (in children and adults, but not recommended in elderly patients), rheumatoid arthritis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura ...
Pemphigus vulgaris is a rare chronic blistering skin disease and the most common form of pemphigus.Pemphigus was derived from the Greek word pemphix, meaning blister. [1] It is classified as a type II hypersensitivity reaction in which antibodies are formed against desmosomes, components of the skin that function to keep certain layers of skin bound to each other.
Paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) is an autoimmune disorder stemming from an underlying tumor. It is hypothesized that antigens associated with the tumor trigger an immune response resulting in blistering of the skin and mucous membranes .
The tissue is skin from a patient with Pemphigus vulgaris. Note the intercellular IgG deposits in the epidermis and the early intraepidermal vesicle caused by acantholysis. Pemphigus (/ ˈ p ɛ m f ɪ ɡ ə s / or / p ɛ m ˈ f aɪ ɡ ə s /) is a rare group of blistering autoimmune diseases that affect the skin and mucous membranes. [1]
Bullous pemphigoid (a type of pemphigoid) is an autoimmune pruritic skin disease that typically occurs in people aged over 60, that may involve the formation of blisters in the space between the epidermal and dermal skin layers.
The cause of the disease is a haploinsufficiency of the enzyme ATP2C1; [7] the ATP2C1 gene is located on chromosome 3, which encodes the protein hSPCA1.A mutation on one copy of the gene causes only half of this necessary protein to be made and the cells of the skin do not adhere together properly due to malformation of intercellular desmosomes, causing acantholysis, blisters and rashes.
Pemphigoid is a group of rare autoimmune blistering diseases of the skin and mucous membranes.As its name indicates, pemphigoid is similar in general appearance to pemphigus, [1] however unlike pemphigus, pemphigoid does not feature acantholysis, a loss of connections between skin cells.
If no lesions are present on examination it may be useful way of demonstrating reduced epithelial adhesion. In contrast, in Pemphigus, the epithelium tends to disintegrate rather than form a bulla. Nikolsky's sign is present in pemphigus and mucous membrane pemphigoid, but not in bullous pemphigoid.