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Mount Tambora, or Tomboro, is an active stratovolcano in West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Located on Sumbawa in the Lesser Sunda Islands , it was formed by the active subduction zones beneath it. Before 1815 , its elevation reached more than 4,300 metres (14,100 feet) high, making it one of the tallest peaks in the Indonesian archipelago.
The eruption of Mount Tambora was the largest cause of this climate anomaly. [22] While there were other eruptions in 1815, Tambora is classified as a VEI-7 eruption with a column 45 km (148,000 ft) tall, eclipsing all others by at least one order of magnitude.
This process raised Mount Tambora as high as 4,300 m (14,000 ft), making it one of the tallest peaks in the Indonesian archipelago, and drained off a large magma chamber inside the mountain. In 1815, Tambora erupted with a rating of seven on the volcanic explosivity index; the largest eruption since the Lake Taupō eruption in AD 181.
The only unambiguous VEI-7 eruption to have been directly observed in recorded history was Mount Tambora in 1815 and caused the Year Without a Summer in 1816. The Minoan eruption of Thera in the middle of the second millennium BC may have been VEI-7, but may have been just shy of the 100 cubic kilometers required.
The main cause of the Year Without a Summer is generally held to be a volcanic winter created by the April 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora on Sumbawa. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] The eruption had a volcanic explosivity index (VEI) ranking of 7, and ejected at least 37 km 3 (8.9 cu mi) of dense-rock equivalent material into the atmosphere. [ 10 ]
Mount Fuji, Japan (1707) Shikotsu (Tarumae), Japan (1739) St Helens, Washington, US (1800) *All Volcanic Eruptions have a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of 5 or above. It means that the volume of gases and aerosols ejected were more than 1 km 3 and the eruption column height was more than 25 km.
Two of the four eruptions were previously identified: Mount Tambora in Indonesia exploded in 1815, and Cosegüina erupted in Nicaragua in 1835. The volcano that produced the 1808/1809 eruption ...
Mount Merapi, Semeru and Kelud are the most active volcanoes in Java. Mount Semeru has been continuously erupting since 1967. [15] Mount Merapi has been named as one of the Decade Volcanoes since 1995. [16] Ijen has a unique colourful caldera lake which is an extremely acidic natural reservoir (pH<0.3). [17]